• Several studies have shown that regulation of

  2022-02-26

  

  Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate homeostasis is critical in relapse to many drugs of abuse [84,85]. Glutamate is transported by GLT-1, which accounted for about 90% of glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft [14,15]. CEF is known to produce its effects through GLT-1 upregu

• We observed the reduced expression of the GluN a

  2022-02-26

  

  We observed the reduced expression of the GluN2a subunit in the temporal and entorhinal cortexes and ventral hippocampus, which may result in the predominance of GluN2b-containing NMDA receptors during the latent period. Previously, using the same model, we revealed the reduction of the GluN2a/GluN2

• br Conclusion br Ethics statements file br Conflict

  2022-02-26

  

  Conclusion Ethics statements file Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (Nos. 2011-0030074 and 2018R1D1A3B07050361) and Sookmyung Women’s University Specialization Pro

• Cytokines and hormones influence both

  2022-02-26

  

  Cytokines and hormones influence both gap junctions [106] and endocrine activity in the pituitary [3]. Long-term treatment (2 h) with the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (Il-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) transiently increases Cx43 expression and cell coupling in TtT/GF u0126 [105]

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-02-26

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion FFAR4 is a G-protein coupled free fatty buy flumazenil receptor that has been reported to be expressed in osteoclasts and osteoblasts [18]. In this study the role of FFAR4 on the effects of different classes of UFAs, the ω−6 PUFA, AA, the ω−3 PUFAs,

• In this study we intended to

  2022-02-26

  

  In this study, we intended to explore the efficacy of artesunate on liver fibrosis and further clarify its potential molecular mechanism. Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from a Chinese plant Artemisia annua [27]. Artesunate, as a stable derivative of artemisinin, is an effective drug f

• br Results and discussion CATALYST software allows automatic

  2022-02-26

  

  Results and discussion CATALYST software allows automatic pharmacophore construction by using a collection of molecules with activities ranging over a number of orders of magnitude. In addition, CATALYST pharmacophores (hypotheses) explain the variability of bioactivity with respect to the geomet

• Depletion of PI P e g

  2022-02-26

  

  Depletion of PI(4,5)P2, e.g. by knockout of PIPKIγ, also profoundly inhibits SV endocytosis (Di Paolo et al., 2004). Conversely, loss of the PI(4,5)P2-metabolizing PI-phosphatase synaptojanin or its recruitor endophilin stalls SV recycling at the level of clathrin-coated vesicles (Bai et al., 2010,

• Although oxidative stress induces a decrease

  2022-02-26

  

  Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in intracellular ATP level, the underlying mechanism is obscured. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 could decrease astrocytes ATP level through lysosome exocytosis in Ca2+-dependent pattern. In present study, using H2O2 stimulation to

• Interestingly hSMC displayed a similar

  2022-02-26

  

  Interestingly, hSMC displayed a similar morphological response to ET-1 as CHOETA. This dramatic lowering of normalized cell index in hSMC mimics ET-1 induced smooth muscle contraction. Earlier studies have shown that stress-fiber formations in CHOETA are mediated by Gq/PLC and G12 and in CHOETB by G

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments Funding for this

  2022-02-26

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments Funding for this work was provided by grants from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (R01-AI095068 and UM1-AI068613 to S.H.E. and U24-AI118633 to H.B.L.) and grant OPP1155863 from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to S.J.E. Add

• Dithiodipyridine also known as aldrithiol is a known zinc

  2022-02-26

  

  2,2′-Dithiodipyridine , also known as aldrithiol, is a known zinc ejector, targeting for instance the zinc finger in nucleocapsid protein of human immunodeficiency Pentamidine receptor type 1. inhibited G9a activity with IC = 0.65 µM and GLP with IC = 2.6 µM. We also tested disulfide cysteamine dih

• Bile acids synthesized in the liver

  2022-02-26

  

  Bile acids synthesized in the liver are secreted into the intestinal tract to facilitate the digestion and LDN193189 of nutrients. Most bile acids are reabsorbed by the ileum and are transported back to the liver via the portal blood circulation. Recently, bile acids have also been considered as he

• The rationale for developing HDACi as anticancer agents was

  2022-02-25

  

  The rationale for developing HDACi as anticancer agents was based on their ability to induce the hyperacetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins, resulting in increased differentiation, apoptosis, and Gossypol australia arrest of cancer cells 1, 2, 3. HDACi have been used in the treatment of h

• Previous reports have implicated the

  2022-02-25

  

  Previous reports have implicated the guanylin/GC-C signalling system as being important in osmoregulation in fish, especially in euryhaline species such as the eel which migrate between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) environments at different stages of their life cycle (Comrie et al., 2001a, Comr

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