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ER redox imbalance leads to the
2019-08-24
ER redox imbalance leads to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which might trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) [17]. In the initiation of UPR, GRP78 preferentially binds to unfolded proteins, shifting the binding equilibrium away from IRE-1, PERK, and ATF-6, the initiators of UPR [18].
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Methylation of histone tails is
2019-08-24
Methylation of histone tails is important in regulating NPPB structure and transcription. Methylation occurs at arginine and at mono-, di- or tri-methylated lysine residues. The reversibility of histone methylation was recently revealed by the identification of two histone demethylases, LSD1 and JH
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br Oxidoreductase like MEM for prodrug activation br Future
2019-08-23
Oxidoreductase-like MEM for prodrug activation Future outlook Although MEM-mediated prodrug activation has been performed by different MEMs and prodrugs, and their effectiveness have been proved in vivo, only a few types of MEMs or prodrugs have been explored in prodrug activation until now [2
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Additionally in the presented study both
2019-08-23
Additionally, in the presented study both the NSE values and MFI levels of the CD45−CD34 + CXCR7+ thapsigargin formula correlated positively with the inflammatory parameter – CRP. CXCR7 expression has been found to be enhanced during pathological processes such as inflammation and neoplasms (Janssen
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Because EBI is expressed on the
2019-08-23
Because EBI2 is expressed on the major subsets of immune cells, and small molecule antagonists for EBI2 were recently described (Benned-Jensen et al., 2013, Gessier et al., 2014), EBI2 constitutes a tempting drug target reminiscent of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor superagonist fingolimod/Gile
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br DUBs in regulation of
2019-08-23
DUBs in regulation of critical steps in tumor metastasis Tumor metastasis comprises a complicated series of biological processes in terms of the invasion-metastasis cascade that requires cancer antisedan to (1) migrate and invade from the origin sites through the extracellular matrix (ECM) to th
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Cystatins are potent inhibitors of cysteine proteases
2019-08-23
Cystatins are potent inhibitors of cysteine proteases from the C1A family. These inhibitors primarily reduce the activities of cathepsin L-like proteases, although high concentration of barley cystatin hampers the degradation of storage proteins caused by cathepsin F-like protein (HvPap-1) (Cambra e
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br Preparation of Recombinant Proteins br
2019-08-23
Preparation of Recombinant Proteins Activity Assays The following solvents are used in the procedures described in this section: Data Analysis Aryl radical rearrangements typically result in a large number of products being generated by Bmp7. Approaches combining mass spectrometry and NMR
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The best preserved individuals were selected for isotope
2019-08-23
The best preserved individuals were selected for isotope analysis of diet (Table 2). These represent 21 individuals including four subadults: two young children aged between 1.5 and 2.5 years old, one child between 7 and 11 years old and one adolescent (12–16 years old), and 17 adults including six
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Diacylglycerols
2019-08-22
Conflicts of interest Introduction Diacylglycerols (DAGs) and phosphatidic Dehydroepiandrosterone (PA) play fundamental roles in biology as basic components of membranes, intermediates in lipid metabolism, and secondary messengers in cellular signaling (Carrasco and Merida, 2007, Fang et al.,
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Tinnitus Met carriers with severe
2019-08-22
Tinnitus Met carriers with severe hearing loss perceive their tinnitus as being louder, which is associated with increased activity in the PHC, increased PHC→pgACC connectivity, as well as decreased pgACC→PHC connectivity. This indicates that Met carriers with severe hearing loss have increased tinn
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The most common pathology associated with FGR is
2019-08-22
The most common pathology associated with FGR is poor placental perfusion as a result of abnormal placentation [4]. Placental developmental disorders and insufficient hormone synthesis may lead to FGR [5,6]. However, the exact mechanism responsible for abnormal placental development remains unclear.
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br Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin
2019-08-22
Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins is one of the most common and important regulatory mechanisms in biology (Finley et al., 2004, Pickart, 2004). Ubiquitination is carried out by an enzymatic cascade consisting of three steps. In the first step, ubiquitin i
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br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments br
2019-08-22
Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Many anticancer agents bind covalently to DNA, introduce bulky adducts, and inhibit DNA metabolic processes including repair, replication and transcription.1., 2., 3. Frequently, the first enzymes to encounter DNA adducts are DNA helicases.
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Targeting both PARP and DHODH for anti cancer therapy
2019-08-22
Targeting both PARP-1 and DHODH for anti-cancer therapy would certainly be beneficial as these enzymes share a common role in the DNA replication and repair mechanisms which are involved in the hyper-proliferation of cancer cells. Since benzimidazole-containing compounds have been reported to show g
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