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In summary the role of HT and differe
2023-11-21

In summary, the role of 5-HT and different types of 5-HTRs in gating plasticity induction in neocortical circuits remains unclear, with variable and seemingly contradictory effects reported for LTP induction in cortical sensory fields (e.g., V1, enhanced LTP: Inaba et al., 2009, Kojic et al., 1997,
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We aim to evaluate the
2023-11-21

We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine signaling in the retina. It was reported that the degree of palmitoylethanolamide reviews australia injury directly depends on expression levels of AK and the resulting extracellular levels of adenosine (Boison, 2006). Indeed, transgenic mice overexp
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br Thymic expression of AChR Both linear unfolded
2023-11-21

Thymic expression of AChR Both linear unfolded epitopes of AChR subunits and the intact AChR are avidly expressed in thymus, particularly by thymic epithelial cells and myoid cells [17], [18], [19]. AChR-antibody positive MG patients often show thymic hyperplasia, characterized by lymphoid follic
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In an insightful essay Heryanto writes that language is a
2023-11-21

In an insightful essay, Heryanto (1990, 40) writes that language is “a phenomenon expressing the particular history of a society” that did not exist in many parts of the world. “Language is not a universal category or cultural activity. Though it may sound odd, not all people have a language in the
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Despite functional studies demonstrating the role
2023-11-21

Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of 5-HT in ureteral contractility, the source of endogenous 5-HT in the ureter is unclear. Since 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells, which are present in the gastrointestinal tract, could not be found in the ureter (Nocito et al., 2007, Ripoche,
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br Concluding Remarks and Future Directions The physiologica
2023-11-21

Concluding Remarks and Future Directions The physiological significance of autophagy in neuronal function is steadily emerging. The studies discussed herein reveal that key neuronal functions, such as neurotransmitter release, pruning of dendritic spines, and behavioural outputs of neural network
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In response to DSB the lesion recognition
2023-11-21

In response to DSB, the lesion recognition factor Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex helps the recruitment of ATM to the damage site and its activation by phosphorylation [29]. However, whether UV-damage recognition factors directly influence ATR and ATM recruitment and their phosphorylation is not clea
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br Conclusions br Author declaration br Acknowledgements br
2023-11-21

Conclusions Author declaration Acknowledgements Introduction ASK1 scaffolding proteins ASK1 adaptor proteins Conclusions Scaffolding and adaptor proteins can coordinate the specific activation of a MAP3K-MAP2K-MAPK pathway in response to various stimuli. For example, both XL 184
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br Roles of apelin and APJ in cardiovascular diseases br
2023-11-21

Roles of apelin and APJ in cardiovascular diseases Therapeutic potential of apelin/APJ in cardiovascular diseases Since the apelin/APJ system plays a key role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, it seems logical to presume that targeting this axis should be feasible a
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Recently
2023-11-21

Materials and methods Results Discussion Recently, we showed that stimulation of TRPM3 and TRPC6 channels triggers a signaling cascade leading to the activation of AP-1 [11], [12], [13], [15]. The objective of this study was to investigate whether stimulation of TRPV1 channels leads to an a
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br Methods for antifungal testing of
2023-11-21

Methods for antifungal testing of mucorales species The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) reference methods currently in place for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi [8], [9] have
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While we chose to divide our etiologies into three
2023-11-21

While we chose to divide our etiologies into three categories, it should be noted that such division has certain limitations. Even though URIs and the common cold are considered mainly viral in origin and rhinosinusitis mainly bacterial in origin,26, 27 there is considerable overlap between these co
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br Obstructing SNARE zippering Sharma et al
2023-11-21

Obstructing SNARE “zippering” Sharma et al. demonstrated for the first time that in the postmortem AD brains, the level of SNARE complex formation, which is necessary for driving synaptic vesicle fusion at the presynaptic active zone, is significantly reduced [123]. In the absence of changes in e
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br Conflict of interest statement br Introduction Tanshinone
2023-11-21

Conflict of interest statement Introduction Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a major active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), a well-known Chinese traditional medicine that is used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [1]. Tan IIA exhibits diverse pharm
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In another study Yerra and Kumar used streptozotocin to
2023-11-21

In another study, Yerra and Kumar (2016) used streptozotocin to induce diabetic neuropathy in rats. Mechanical/thermal hyperalgesia, motor/sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) and sciatic nerve blood flow (NBF) were evaluated. In vitro studies of Neuro2a (N2A) cell culture were perfor
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